Theory of Figurative Speech (Simile, Personification, and Hyperbole)

• Figurative Speech

According X.J. Kennedy (1991:548) a figure of speech may be said to occur whenever a speaker or writer, for the sake of freshness or emphasis, departs from the usual denotations of words. Wren and Martin (1981:488) stated that figure of speech is a departure from the ordinary from expression or the ordinary course of ideas in order to produce a greater effect. Figures and symbol are images used in a particular way to explore the less known through the known. (K.L. Knickerbocker, 1963)     So it can be concluded that figure of speech or language style is a way of describing something through a beautiful language that is used to increase the effect by introducing and comparing the way of a particular object or thing with objects or anything else that is more common.

• Simile

Simile is an explicit comparison, it means that it implies something to one another directly, that it why, it needs effort to show explicitly the similarity. Which are: seperti, sama, sebagai, bagaikan, laksana, and etc. (Keraf 2006:138)

  X.J. Kennedy (1991:587) state, simile is a comparison of two things, indicated by some connective, usually like, as, than, or a verb such as resembles. Simile is a comparison made between two objects of different kinds which have, however, at least one point in common (Wren & Martin, 1981). According to Scott (1983:268) a simile makes an imaginative comparison for purposes of explanation, allusion, or ornament, introduced by a word such as ‘like’ , ‘as’ , or ‘such.

Keraf (2001:138) gives definitions, “simile is a comparison that is explicit in which implies the same things with another things”. According to Gorys Keraf, Simile can be divided into two which are Clear and Unclear Similarity. Clear Similarity is one of kinds of Simile that contain the details of the similarity. Unclear Similarity is one of kinds of Simile that are not contains the details of the similarity.

So simile is a figurative speech that compare of two things that denoted in a word ‘such’, ‘as’, ‘like’. That word defines to compare some things each other.

• Personification

Personification is a special pattern of metaphor that analogizes in animate objects to act, speak as human beings do. (Keraf 2006:17)

 Richard Grill (1985:593) said that the point of the personification is to express the abstract ideas to inanimate objects, or aspects of nature are described as if it were human. Personification is a figure of speech in which a thing, an animal, or an abstract term (truth, nature) is made human (X.J. Kennedy, 1991). According to Ruth Miller & Robert A. Greenberg (1986:74) personification is a figurative speech in which an abstract idea, inanimate object, or aspect of nature is describe as if it were human.

So personification is part of figure of speech that denotes inanimate objects that can do something as well as a human being.

•  Hyperbole

Keraf (2006:135) defines that hyperbole is a kind of figure of speech that has overstatement by raising a matter.

According to Wren & Martin (1981:491) in hyperbole a statement is made emphatic by overstatement. It means that some words which are used in a novel are overstatement from true meaning. Knickerbocker (1963:367) defines hyperbole as an exaggeration used for special effect.

Hyperbole is a bold, deliberate overstatement not intended to be taken literary, it is used as a means of emphasizing the truth of a statement.

SOURCE

Gill, Richard. 1985. Mastering English Literature. London: Mcmillan Education Ltd.

Kennedy, X.J. 1991. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Fifth Edition. New                 York: Harper Collins Publisher.

 Keraf, Gorys. 2001. Diksi dan Gaya Bahasa. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Keraf, Gorys. 2006. Diksi dan Gaya Bahasa: Komposisi Lanjutan I. (16^th Ed) Jakarta: PT. Gramedia               Pustaka Utama.

Knickerbocker, K. L. 1963. Interpreting Literature Revised. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston,                   Inc.

Miller, Ruth and Robert A. Greenberg. 1986. Poetry: An Introduction. New York: MCmillan                             Education Ltd.

Scott, Arthur Finley. 1983. Current Literary Terms: A Concise Dictionary of Their Origin and Use.                  London: Mcmillan Press.

Wren, P. C. and H. Martin. 1981. High School English Grammar and Composition. (Revised                              Edition). New Delhi: S. Chand & Company Ltd.

Analysis and Examples of Three Figure of Speech (Simile, Personification, and Hyperbole) from The Novel "The Mortal Instruments City of Ashes" by Cassandra Clare

• Simile

Simile is an explicit comparison, it means that it implies something to one another directly, that it why, it needs effort to show explicitly the similarity. Which are: seperti, sama, sebagai, bagaikan, laksana, and etc. This is the explanation written by the writer to describe each statement that indicates simile.

1.      Bintang-bintang perak tertatah dilantai seperti taburan kertas.

The sentence above issimile because in the sentence there is a word “seperti” which has the function as a comparison. The comparison is between “bintang-bintang perak” with “taburan kertas”. The first statement describes the second statement, the point of similarity between “bintang-bintang perak” and “taburan kertas” is stars in the sky looks small as the papers sowing.

2.      Sang Inkuisitor menghampiri Jace, jubahnya berayun-ayun di sekelilingnya seperti asap yang melayang

The sentence above is simile because it has a comparison of two things .The comparison is between “jubahnya berayun-ayun” with “asap yang melayang”. The first statement describes the second statement, and the description of the both statements above marked with the word “seperti”. So the similarity of “jubahnya berayun-ayun” and “asap yang melayang” is they are all moving around.

• Personification

Personification is a part of figure of speech that denotes inanimate object that can do something as well as a human being. The writer explains some figures of speech below.

1.      Bau abu asap menggelayut  berat di udara, tidak asing baginya dari kali terakhir dia kesini tetapi ada sesuatu yang lain di bawah bau-bau itu.

The sentence above is personification because as inanimate object but seems to be living. “bau” is something invisible but it can be felt by smelling. In this context “bau” seems to be hanging (menggelayut) as if it is an animate.

2.      Dia masih berdiri didepan pentagram diam mematung kecuali sayap-sayapnya yang memukul udara perlahan.

The sentence above is personification because as inanimate objects that seems to be living. In the reality wings can only to use for fly an object but in this context wings can hit something like a human. The act of wings hitting something is categorized as personification.

• Hyperbole

In hyperbole a statement is made emphatic by overstatement. That means some word which used in a novel is overstatement from the true meaning. Here are some example of hyperboles that written by the writer to describe them.

1.      Sebelum ada yang bisa memikirkan sesuatu untuk dikatakan, sebuah suara tajam membelah ruangan, membuat Clary terlonjak..

The sentence indicates hyperbole, it has an overstatement because the sentence cannot explain literarily “suara” in this context explain about a noisy voice.

2.      Vampire mungkin menyerangmu, kalau kau memasuki wilayahnya, tetapi peri bisa membuatmu menari sampai mati dan kakimu berubah menjadi tunggul kayu, memperdayamu agar berenang ditengah malam lalu menyeretmu ke dalam air sampai paru-parumu meledak, mengisi matamu dengan debu peri sampai kau harus mencongkel mata itu sampai ke akar.

The sentence above indicates hyperbole because there is an overstatement sentences such as “bisa membuatmu menari sampai mati”, “kakimu berubah menjadi tunggul kayu”, “memprdayamu agar berenang ditengah malam lalu menyeretmu ke dalam air sampai paru-paru meledak, mengisi matamu dengan debu peri sampai kau harus mencongkel mata itu sampai ke akar” the true meaning of the sentenceis describing how cruel fairy is.

Cosplay

Cosplay (costume play) 
 is a type of performance in which participants don costumes and accessories to represent  a specific or idea. Characters are often drawn from popular fiction from Japan, but recent trends have included American cartoons and science fiction. Favorite sources include manga, anime, tokosatsu, comic books, graphic novels, video games, hentai, and fantasy movie. The sensation is we can meet a fiction characters from our favorite anime or tokosatsu. Take a photograph with Cosplayer, it's really fun. If we so interested with it we can also be a cosplayer. 

mio Akiyama cosplay (above)

From Anime K-On

I am Who I am

Look! This is me!

A person standing in the darkness

Trapped by the missery

friends with a sorrow.

Do you know? Can you feel? 

Of course you don't, of course you can't!

nobody can't understand, no one can't save me

Look! they laughed at me, they yelled at me

they blame everything to me. 

They see me as a disgusting person! 

How could you?! 

They just a cruel people who don't know anything about me

I wanna scream!

I feel enough for all of this

God! where are you? I need you! I know you can hear me

Crying, screaming, hurt, everything feel so painfull 

God! oh.. God! 

I don't wanna give up!

The world is turns against me.

I don't care how the world treated me.

This is who I am. Like it or not

I am Who I am, no one can't stop me

I am proud of myself.

This is me! 

Movie Review

Gekijoban Zero (Fatal Frame)

Cast and Crew

• Mari Asato (Director)

• Ayami Nakajō (Aya Tsukimori)

• Aoi Morikawa (Michi Kazato)

• Fujiko Kojima (Risa Suzumori)

• Karen Miyama (Itsuki Kikunobe)

• Kasumi Yamaya (Kasumi Nohara)

• Minori Hagiwara (Waka Fujii)

• Yuri Nakamura (Mayumi Asou)

• Kodai Asaka (Takashi Asou)

• Noriko Nakagoshi (Mary)

• Jun Miho (Headmistress)

This is a Japanese Horror movie addapted from a game and novel, but the story kinda different from the story in the game. The story is about a girls dorm which haunted by a ghost that cursed. One by one the student from that school went missing. There's a girl named Aya, every students was adore her indeed like her. Aya suddenly had a dream about her death she became depressed and lock herself in the room, but everyone knows if Aya went missing. Kasumi who really adore aya had a phtograph of aya's face she kept her photo in her room. One day she kissed the photo and went missing. That happened again and again everytime  a student kiss the photo. Michi was very afraid because her friend suddenly gone and no one can't find them. Michi wondered if their friend gone mising is because aya's ghost. One day she knock at aya's room, she yelled at the room and suddenly she found out if aya's still alive. Aya's exlain everything to Michi and together the try to end the curse and try to find the mistery behind the misterious curse. 

One day the school become chaos because aya's is back. all student blame her about thestrange incident that happened in the dorm, but Michi protect aya and sacrefice herself for the sake of aya. Michi kiss the photo. Michi and aya sleep together and tied their hands with a robe. Early morning Michi awake and walked in to the woods and follow her but suddenly their sepparated. In the woods aya's met with takashi he beat aya's head and throw ayya into the dark pool. IIn that pool Aya remember everything. She had a sister who killed by the headmaster in that pool. Because the headmaster believe in some ritual. Aya feel really sorry and apologize to her sister. The ghost named Maya and suddenly vanished. 

This movie is not scarry but very very creepy. I found some interesting thing in this movie such as they are believe if they can't be together in this world they believe if they die together they will be together forever in heaven. Because the school is only for girls so there's a forbidden relationship between girls maybe that's why in the story they have such a believe. I never regret I had watched this movie. I recommended to you guys to watch this movie. Please not to see only from one side, open your mind and you can see how strong their friendship and relationship to take care each other. 

TOEFL

TYPE A

2.      If baby geese is hatched in the absence of their mother, they  will follow the first

                              A                                             B                   C           D

moving object they see.

Ø  Revise: If baby geese are hatched in the absence of their mother, they will follow the first moving object they see.

TYPE B

9.      The Egyptians first discovered that dying fruits preserved it, made it sweeter and

             A                               B                                                    C

improve  its flavor.

    D

Ø  Revise: The first Egyptians discovered that dying fruits preserved it, made it sweeter and improve its flavor.

TYPE C

1.      Daniel said that if he had to do  homework tonight, he wouldn’t have been 

                          A                          B                     C                

able to attend  the concert.

      D

Ø  Revise: Daniel said that if he had to do homework tonight, he wouldn’t able to attend the concert.

DIRECT SENTENCE TO INDIRECT SENTENCE

DIRECT SENTENCE 

• "We've all been caught out -- phone battery life just can't keep up with the pace of our modern lives," Kenney said.
• "By using solar power and repurposing old phone boxes we have been able to provide a real solution in an environmentally friendly way," she said.

INDIRECT SENTENCE 

• Kenney said that we had been all caught out, phone battery life just couldn't keep up with the pace of our modern lives.
• She said that by using solar power and repurposing old phone boxes they had been able to provide a real solution in an environmentally friendly way.

FIND OUT THE DIRECT SENTENCE FROM ARTICLE

London (CNN) - Next time you're on the go and your phone is running out of juice, try a phone box. No, not for calling, you silly. To charge your phone.

One of London's famous red telephone boxes has been painted green and transformed into a solar-powered charging station, as part of a design competition.

The so-called "Solarbox" can be found in central London's Tottenham Court Road, and there are plans for more to be opened by early 2015.

The Solarbox has chargers for Samsung, Blackberry and the iPhones 4, 5 and 6. It can power an estimated 100 devices a day through its roof-mounted solar panel.

It was designed by London School of Economics graduates Harold Craston and Kirsty Kenney, in response to a competition run by the Mayor of London.

Their eco-friendly invention won them $8,000 and a spot in a mentorship scheme in the Mayor's Low Carbon Entrepreneur competition, making it possible to pilot their new business in London's streets.

The kiosk funds itself by advertising, and using the service is free. Its inventors say the costs to run the machine are low -- it requires only basic maintenance such as cleaning, and initial costs of installing each Solarbox is forecast to be recouped within three months.

The two wanted to use their interest in renewable energy to provide a service that people would really need. "We've all been caught out -- phone battery life just can't keep up with the pace of our modern lives," Kenney said.

"By using solar power and repurposing old phone boxes we have been able to provide a real solution in an environmentally friendly way," she said.

The rise of the smart phone has made thousands of the UK capital's phone boxes redundant, except for tourists looking for photo opportunities.

The Solarbox is not the only unused phone box to be transformed into a new creation -- there are phone box libraries, sofas and even shower booths.

Redundant phone boxes in Sydney, New York and other cities are being turned into free Wi-Fi hotspots, while several villages in England have equipped theirs with defibrillators.

DIRECT SENTENCE

• "We've all been caught out -- phone battery life just can't keep up with the pace of our modern lives," Kenney said.
• "By using solar power and repurposing old phone boxes we have been able to provide a real solution in an environmentally friendly way," she said.

Source : London’s red phone boxes go green\

http://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/07/business/uk-phone-box/index.html?c=business